See underrun on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "buffer underrun"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₁én",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
],
[
"*-tér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tér"
],
[
"*h₁entér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁entér"
],
[
"*h₂én",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂én"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"
],
[
"*-dʰi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰi"
],
[
"*(H)n̥dʰí",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰí"
],
[
"*-ér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-er"
],
[
"*(H)n̥dʰér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰér"
],
[
"*under",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/under"
],
[
"*undar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/undar"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#Old_English"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#Middle_English"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
],
[
"run",
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],
[
"under-",
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],
[
"run",
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]
],
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁entér\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰi\n?\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí\nProto-Indo-European *-ér\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér\nProto-Germanic *under\nProto-West Germanic *undar\nOld English under-\nMiddle English under-\nEnglish under-\nEnglish run\nEnglish underrun\nFrom under- + run.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underruns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "underrun (plural underruns)",
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],
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Accounting",
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{
"_dis": "15 32 7 27 19",
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],
"glosses": [
"A condition in which fewer products are delivered or produced than had been ordered."
],
"id": "en-underrun-en-noun-8m~HScEx",
"links": [
[
"accounting",
"accounting#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(accounting) A condition in which fewer products are delivered or produced than had been ordered."
],
"topics": [
"accounting",
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Computing",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "13 48 7 23 9",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A condition in which the read/write buffer is fed with data at a slower rate than required; a buffer underrun."
],
"id": "en-underrun-en-noun-VkvsjEJD",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"buffer",
"buffer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) A condition in which the read/write buffer is fed with data at a slower rate than required; a buffer underrun."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 74",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "andāran",
"sense": "computing: A condition in which the read/write buffer is fed with data at a slower rate than required",
"word": "アンダーラン"
}
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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"word": "underrun"
}
{
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[
"*h₁én",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
],
[
"*-tér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tér"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁entér"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂én"
],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
"*-ér",
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],
[
"*(H)n̥dʰér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰér"
],
[
"*under",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/under"
],
[
"*undar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/undar"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#Old_English"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#Middle_English"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
],
[
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[
"under-",
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁entér\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰi\n?\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí\nProto-Indo-European *-ér\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér\nProto-Germanic *under\nProto-West Germanic *undar\nOld English under-\nMiddle English under-\nEnglish under-\nEnglish run\nEnglish underrun\nFrom under- + run.",
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"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "underrunning",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "underran",
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},
{
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}
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"name": "en-verb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
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{
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"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
58
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],
"ref": "1904, Katherine Cecil Thurston, The Masquerader, page 26:",
"text": "He spoke fast, with the uneasy tone that so often underran his words.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To run or pass under."
],
"id": "en-underrun-en-verb-70u9kWeB"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
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],
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],
"id": "en-underrun-en-verb-qUd4Ifbb",
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[
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"nautical"
],
[
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"cable"
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],
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],
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"transport"
]
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],
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],
"id": "en-underrun-en-verb-amY-iY5~",
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[
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"tackle"
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],
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],
"topics": [
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"transport"
]
}
],
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{
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[
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
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],
[
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[
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[
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁entér\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰi\n?\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí\nProto-Indo-European *-ér\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér\nProto-Germanic *under\nProto-West Germanic *undar\nOld English under-\nMiddle English under-\nEnglish under-\nEnglish run\nEnglish underrun\nFrom under- + run.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underruns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underrun (plural underruns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Accounting"
],
"glosses": [
"A condition in which fewer products are delivered or produced than had been ordered."
],
"links": [
[
"accounting",
"accounting#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(accounting) A condition in which fewer products are delivered or produced than had been ordered."
],
"topics": [
"accounting",
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"A condition in which the read/write buffer is fed with data at a slower rate than required; a buffer underrun."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"buffer",
"buffer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) A condition in which the read/write buffer is fed with data at a slower rate than required; a buffer underrun."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underrun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "andāran",
"sense": "computing: A condition in which the read/write buffer is fed with data at a slower rate than required",
"word": "アンダーラン"
}
],
"word": "underrun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *(H)n̥dʰér",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁entér",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁én",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂én",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Japanese translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₁én",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én#Proto-Indo-European:_in"
],
[
"*-tér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tér"
],
[
"*h₁entér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁entér"
],
[
"*h₂én",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂én"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"
],
[
"*-dʰi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰi"
],
[
"*(H)n̥dʰí",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰí"
],
[
"*-ér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-er"
],
[
"*(H)n̥dʰér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰér"
],
[
"*under",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/under"
],
[
"*undar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/undar"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#Old_English"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#Middle_English"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
],
[
"run",
"run#English"
],
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
],
[
"run",
"run#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "under-",
"4": "run",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁entér\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰi\n?\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí\nProto-Indo-European *-ér\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér\nProto-Germanic *under\nProto-West Germanic *undar\nOld English under-\nMiddle English under-\nEnglish under-\nEnglish run\nEnglish underrun\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*under\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*undar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"under-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"under-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"under-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"run\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"underrun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"underrun\">\nFrom under- + run.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁entér\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰi\n?\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí\nProto-Indo-European *-ér\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér\nProto-Germanic *under\nProto-West Germanic *undar\nOld English under-\nMiddle English under-\nEnglish under-\nEnglish run\nEnglish underrun\nFrom under- + run.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underruns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "underrunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "underran",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "underrun",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~s",
"2": "~ning",
"3": "underran",
"4": "~"
},
"expansion": "underrun (third-person singular simple present underruns, present participle underrunning, simple past underran, past participle underrun)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
58
]
],
"ref": "1904, Katherine Cecil Thurston, The Masquerader, page 26:",
"text": "He spoke fast, with the uneasy tone that so often underran his words.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To run or pass under."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To pass along and under, e.g. a cable, for the purpose of taking it in or examining it."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cable",
"cable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) To pass along and under, e.g. a cable, for the purpose of taking it in or examining it."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To separate the parts of (a tackle) and put them in order."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"tackle",
"tackle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) To separate the parts of (a tackle) and put them in order."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underrun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-underrun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "underrun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for underrun meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.